Elastic-fluid turbine



F. LSEL June 23, 1925. 1,543,171

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE Filed Augql, 1923 2 sheets-sheet 1 :y Y figg] 5 l Br] C y s z V-rffl bv *K if u 7" w y a f l Q. m( [3H C jg ya y Hartl/'s latented ulune 23, N225..

veiner@ Loser@ oranti EN, CZECHSLOVAKLL.

ELSTC-FLUED TURBENE- i Application filed August 1L, 1923. Seria No. 655,722.

T all 107mm t 'may concern:

Be it known that l, FRANZ Lsnii, a citizen or" the Republic ot Czechoslovakia, and

residing at Brunn, Czechoslovakia, have invented certain .new and uset'ul improvements' in and Relating to 'Elastic-Fluid Tun casing structures increase the danger and reduce the reliability particularly by utiliz-l ing elastic workingiluid ot high pressure and of high temperature or high superlieat `due to the heat expansions and stresses thereto and also due .to their inequality. rllhe object of the present invention is to neutralize this effect ot' the internal pressure and to utilize the internal pressure within the` casing for rendering automati-V cally all the axial joints particularly the axial casing joints and the divided parts thereoiC tight and to obviatethese objections. This is effected according tothe present inventionby lthe provision ot a separate reinforcing casing for the high pressure side surroundingT the axially divided rotor enclosing casing on` its higher pressure end and correlated therewith in such manner as .to cause the driving fluid to exertv anequaliZiiig-pi.essure upon the vaxially divided rotor enclosing casing inwardly toward the axis, and it is advantageous to havella pressure at least approximately equal 'to but preferably greater than the internal pressure thereof to assist in maintaining the axial joints tightly closed. The reinforcing part forming the high pressure admission or front end' ofthe turbine casing is made preferably of pressed or rolled material, (wrought iron, boiler plate) of great tensile strength, is axially undivided and surrounds and iirinlyengages the higher pressure end of the axially divided'part of the casing preferablyrmade of cast material extending into it. .The reinforcing higher pressure casing, therefore, functions to reinforce the inner casingl for lower pressure While the counter or opposing pressure ot' the driving Huid exerted thereupon neutralizes or tends to neutralize the internal pressure of the inner casing, and presses or tends to press its axial joints tightly together and keeps them tight. advantageous features ot the inyention are simplification" ofA thel axial joint connections, improvement ofthe high pressure turbine constructions, improvement in reliabilityv and security or safety, selttightening joints etc. The accompanying drawing shows several constructional examples of the invention,

Fig. l being a longitudinal section through a high pressure steam turbine constructed according to the invention, s

Fig. 2 a cross-section along line A-B of Fig. l and Figs. 3 and 5 and 6,

7 and e, 9 audio vbeing other constructional forms. 5

al` is the turbine rotor, b the part of the casing under greater pressure and c the part under lower' pressure. The high pressure part b is not divided axially, while the low pressure part c is axially divided and held together by means of the flanges t' and the bolts 7c (Fig. 2). The two parts and cof' vthe casing are connected together in abutting relation in a radial plane by annular flanges p, g and bolts r, the latter resisting pressures tending to separate the casings axially. rlhe casing b is also connected with and lirmly engages externally an annular shoulder c formed below the radial abuttingsurface of the flange' and thereby opposes separationof the divided parts c.

rlhe cylinder t supporting the diaphragrns it is also axially divided and is firmly connected to the low pressure part c of the casing preferably by being cast in one piece withit, as shown in Fig. l. The cylinder t is surrounded on all sides by the driving fluid and is capable of following the expansions due to heat without hindrance.

"Ehe undivided high pressure part of 'the .casing takes up the outwardly acting pressure of the driving iiuid. ln the embodiment herein shownthe pressure between the casings b and t is greater than the internal pressure of t and hencethe driving iiuid exerts av greater pressure on :the axially'dij vided supporting part t for the guide nozzles in the direction towards the' axis than in the opposite direction, and, since thepart tris*` fixed tothe part, of the casing, keeps all the axially directed joints closed, while the connection ofthe undivided high pressure partb to the low pressure part c assists in keepingfthe joints `of the latter closed.l

The high pressure part b of the casing is preferably made of rolled or pressed material of great tensile strength, for instance of boiler plate, andthe tensile strength of vided with shallow recesses `the -wrought iron driving fluid can enter.

art b of, the casing may be utilized for ho ding the'axially divided 'parts clo'sel together. lor'thisv purpose, as is seen in `igs. 3 anda, a cylinder e with* stiifening ribs f is cast in one pieoewit-h the low pressure art c and :the cylinder t. This` cylinder e is ield together by the part b of t e casing, which is slid over it. rlhe outer surface of the cylinder e ispreferably prog, into which the Instead of the cylinder e (Figs. 3 and v4:)

other. abutment surfacescan be provided onVJ the cylinder t", for instance `axial fitting surface's 72, (Figs. 5 and) or annular ribs j (Figs. 7 and 8), which are firmly surround` ed by the part b of the casing. The annular ribs are provided with holes@ through` whic the driving fluid can circulate. .Figs- 9 and yl() show another alternative arrange` ment with bracing members disposedwithin the elastic fluid chamberi'between the casings b and t. The left handfinember m shown in Fig. l0 is indicated as E -shaped and separate from both the member b land t but suitably supported therebetween and the right hand member m is indicated as in theforin o f a rib integral with the casing b. l

In all these constructional forms the pressurev of the driving fluid acts externally on the axially divided turbine parts and presses allthe axial joints andthe iianges and glands together so that they lare. completely steam-tight and relieves the load on the connecting members. The radial joint between forni the actual jointing cylinder. The separate parts strengthen and stiften each other relatively and together form an extremely p -rigid anddurable turbine casing.

vAs the turbine parts lying within the strengthenin ous turbine parts even at cylinder are surrounded fon'- all sides and ieated by the drivingiluid andi iseaivi are free to expand, when heated, all stresses due to heating are perfectly innocuous land there will thereforey be no warping, distortion or anyscraping or rubbing'of tlie.vari the highestdi'iving fluid temperatures..

1.; In an elastic Yfluid-turbine, an axially divided'l casingfor the. exhaust endv thereof" having a rotor enclosing' casing portion, an-

other casing separate therefrom for the high pressure ior admission end ,surrounding the axially divided higher pressure parts of said rotor enclosinof casing portion to form an elastic fluidciamber therearound, and an :intake admitting high.. pressure elasticfluid to said chamber. yfor` opposing theV internal pressure on the rotor enclosingfcasing por; l

tion.

2 2.- In"an elastic fluid turbine, van .axially divided casing forV the exhaust end thereof having a rotor enclosing easing portion, a separate casin for the opposite high pressure end whic i is Acapable of withstanding the internal pressure of Athe turbine and formsy an' elastic fluid chamberabout the rotor l ortion' but on its higher l enclosing casing pressure end outside thereof, and an 'intake admitting to saidA chamber-elastic fluid of. 4sufficient pressure to neutralize to a substantial degree the internal pressure on the rotor enclosing casing portion and thereby tending -Yto substantially counter-balance the strains uponA the axial joints wof the axially divided parts of the rotor en-closing casing portion.

3; In an elastic uidturbinefanl axially' divided casing for the'exhaust end thereof having a rotorenclosing casing portion, a separate outer casing for the high pressure end which is -capable of. withstanding the iriternal pressure of the turbine and surrounds the higher pressure @ad @fue axiaii'y di;

vided rotor enclosing casing portion to forni an elastic iuid chamber therearound, Iand an intake admitting to said chamber elastic fluid of a pressuregreater than. the pressure within the axially divided casing por-tion whereby the fluid pressure in the chamber vassists in maintaining'-the axial joints tiofht. j alli-ln an elastic Huid turbine, an axially divided casing forthe exhaust end thereof having a rotor enclosing casing portion, a

separate undivided outer'casing for theopposite high pressure end capableof withstandingI the internal pressure o f the turbine and surrounding the rotor enclosing casing 4 portion on its higher pressure end to form l an elastic fluid chamber therearound, and an intake admitting to said chamber elastic fluid of a pressure greater than the pressure `within the rotor enclosing casing portion whereby the pressure of the elasticv fluid iii saidv chamber exerts .Ia greater pressure yon the axially divided casing vportion in the inward radial direction than in the 'opposite in maintaining tight including a cylindrical rotor enclosing vcasing portion projecting from the-exhaust'end towards the admission end, a separate casvfluid of a pressure suflicient to sition Vand an outer'casing ing portion for the higher pressure or admission vend .capableof withstanding the internal pressure of the turbine and surrounding said cylindrical* casing portion 'of the v'axially divided casing to form an elastic fluid chamber vtherearound on its higher pressure end, and a fluid admission connection admitting to said chamber elastic fluid of a pressure sufficient to equalize the pres-- sure of .the worlxing v fluid within the rotor enclosing casing portion whereby the strain on the axial jointsl` of said axially divided casing is substantially counter-balanced.

6. In an elastic fluid turbine, an axially divided .casing on` the exhaust end thereof to enclose the rotor, a separate undivided casing for tlie admission or high pressure end surrounding the i'otor enclosing casing portion on its higher pressure end to fcriii an elastic fluid chamber tliei'earouiid, said separate undivided casing being secured to the rotor enclosing casing portion against strains in the axial direction, and a fluid connection admitting to said chamber elastic substantially counter-balance the strains upon the axial joints of the axially divided casing.

7. An elastic fluid turbine of the multi-`r stage type having an axially divided rotor enclosing casing with axial joints maintaining the divided parts of the casing unit in operative position, said casing having a part forming an exhaust chamber and a cylindrical part projecting therefrom towardsV the admission end and enclosing at least a part of the turbine stages, an undivided casing for theadmission side 'surrounding the cylindrical part of the rotor enclosing casing and forming therewith an elastic'fluidI chamber.therearound separate from the exhaust chamber, said undivided casing bei-ng suitably connected to said rotor enclosing casing in abutting relation therewith inra radial plane,.and a fluid connection admitting to said chamber elastic fluid of al suitable pressure for the pur-pose 'set foith.

S.' An elastic fluid turbine having an axiallyV divided rotor enclosing casing on the exhaust end and with axial joints maintaining the divided' parts in operative` pofor the admission end capable of withstanding the internal pressures of the turbine and surrounding the higherv pressure end of said axially divided casing and engaging said rotor enclosing casing in a manner to retain the axially divided parts'of the rotor enclosing fasing in operative relation.

9. An j elastic fluid turbine having an axially divided vrotor.enclosingcasing on the rear end andY a separate casing for high pressure fluid on the admission end, suri'ounding and engaging said rotor enclosing casing on the high pressure end-thereof and being suitably connected at its rear end with said axially divided. casing so that the pressure on the outer surface of the rotor enclosing casing will substantially counterbalance the internal pressure.

10. In an elastic fluid turbine, an axially divided casing on the exhaust end thereof having a rotor enclosing casing portion, an axially undivided casing 'portion surrounding said rotor enclosing casing portion on its higher pressure end and forming an elastic fluidl chamber therearound, lsaid axially undivided casing portion. being secured to Asaid rotor enclosing casing' portion against axial strains and externally engaging the same to prevent radial displacement of the axially divided parts, and a fluid admission connection to admit to said chamber elastic fluid of a pressure to equalize the. pressure within' the rotor enclosing casing portion and assist in maintaining the axial joints of the axially divided parts in tight closing relation.

ll. In an elastic fluid turbine, an axially divided casing-on the rear end thereof having a rotor enclosing casing portion, a separate casing opposite thereto surrounding said rotor enclosing casing portion on the higher pressurev end and forming an elastic fluid chamber tlierearound, said separate casing being connected to said rotor enclosing `asing portion in abutting relation in a radial plane and said casings having distributed reinforcing devices disposed therebetween and within said chamber, and a fluid connection admitting to said chamber elastic fluid of a suitable pressure but higher than the pressure within said rotor enclos-' ing casing portion.

l2. An elastic axially divided rotor enclosing casing including an exhaust end part and a cylindriral part jn'ojecting*therefrom towards the higher pressure end and enclosing the rotor and guiding means` divided gland joints' for thc high pressure end and a reinforcing casing surrounding and engaging the cylindrical higher pressure part of the rotor enclosing casing,l said reinforcing casing also enclosing the high pressure end of the turbine and surrounding and engaging the high pressure gland joints toreinforce the same. i

13. A multistage elastic fluid turbine having an axially divided rotor enclosing casing with axial joints maintaining the divided parts in operative position and a casfluid lturbine Ihaving an iso ing capable of withstanding the internal pressure of the turbine which surrounds 4onlythehigh pressure end of the axially divided .casing and engagesthe same in a manner to -Aretain the axially divided parts of the rotor casing in operative relation.-

14:. A turbine of the character set forth in claim 8 in which the high pressure admis` sion nozzles are carriedby said outer casing.

l5. An elastic fluid turbine having a cas- -ing which is divided at right angles lto the axis of the turbine and comprises an axially undivided part capable of withstanding high internal pressures, an axially divided rotor enclosing casing part disposed with 'its higher pressure end within-the axially undivided casing'part and adapted to be surrounded by thedriving fluid, and axiallydivided internalparts lying within the' axially undivided part and being fixed only7 to the axially divided-part of the casing wherebysaid internal parts are capable of following the expansions due to heat.

f 16. In4` an elastic fluid turbine, a casing for the exhaust end thereof having axial joints and a rotor enclosing casing poi'- tion on the exhaust end, a separate casing on the admission end surrounding the admission endof the rotor enclosing casing portion to form a chamber for the reception 'of high pressure fluid, and means for attaching the casing portions .together in a manner tocause the high pressure fluid in said chamber to tend to counter-balance the internal pressure on the rotor enclosing casing portion and to Vkeep the axial joints tifht.

t)17. n-an elastic fluid turbine, an ,axially diyided casing for the exhaust end thereof having a rotor enclosing casing portion, a separate casing on the admission end to form .a chamber around the rotor enclosing casing portion at its higher pressure end for the reception of higher pressure fluid, .and vmeans for attaching the two casing portions together in a radial plane'to permit the high pressure fluid in the chamber to act inwardly toward the axis to substantially counterbalance the internal pressure on the rotor enclosing casing portion in radial directions.

18. In an elastic fluid turbi,r ega casing for the exhaust end, thereof having axial joints and a rotor enclosing casing portion, `a separate casing on theadmission end surrounding the admission end of the rotor enclosing casing portion'to provide a chamber to receive high pressure fluid, and pressure transmitting means interposed between the admission end'and exhaust end casings to re inforce the inner rotor enclosing casing portion by the outer admission end casing.

19. In an elastic fluid turbine, an axially divided casing for the exhaust end thereof having a rotor enclosing casing portion` and an outer high pressure casing separate therethe internal pressure from for the high pressure or admission end surrounding the axially divided higher pressure parts of the vrotor enclosing casing portionv to form an elastic fluid chamber therearound, and an intake betweenthe first and secondstages for admitting high pressure elastic fluid tosaid chamber foropp'osing the internal pressure on the rotor enclosing casing portion. 20. In. anelastic fluid turbine, an axially divided casing for the exhaust end thereof having ai rotor enclosing portion, a separate outer high pressure'casing lfor the high pressure vorl admission end surrounding the axialf ly divided higher pressure parts connected with the ,low pressure casing to. form an elastic fluid chamber therearound, and an intake between said separate high pressure" casing and said rotor enclosing casing por-- .to saidchamber for opposing the internal pressure onn the rotor,l enclosing casing portion. g

21. In an elastic fluid turbine, an axially divided casing for the exhaust end thereof 90 having a rotor enclosing casing portion, a separate outer casing for the high pressure or. admission end surrounding the axially divided higher pressure parts carried by said axially divided casing to form an elastic fluid chamber therearound, and an intake connecting said chamber with the high pressureelastic fluid space at the'admission end of said axially dividedcasing for admitting high pressure elastic iliiid to saidchamber 10o for opposing the internal pressure on' said rotorenclosing casing portion. 1 22.111 an elastic'iuid turbine, an axially divided casing for the exhaust end thereof having a rotor enclosing casing portion, a separate outer casing for the high pressure or admission end surrounding the axially divided higher pressure parts of said rotor enclosing casing portion for formin an elastic fluid chamber therearound, an an 1i 0 intake connecting said chamber with the fluid space or clearance between two high pressure stages for admitting high pressure elastic fluid tol said chamber for opposing l `on the rotor enclosing casingportiom 23. Irfanv elastic fluid turbine, aii axially divided casing for the exhaust end thereof 4having a rotor enclosing casing portion and 4a separate casing for the higher p ressure or 120 means surrounding the higher pressure end of the' rotor enoloslng 'caslng portlon and forming therea-round a'chamberfor'elastie von the rotor enclosing casing portion.

n testimony whereof I have 'signed my name to this specification.

Y Witnesses:

OUL DEMosI, MARIE DEMosI.

FRANZ LSEL.V 

